-
UCF physicians are Orlando's top docs.
Lupus is an inflammatory autoimmune disease. This condition can be further categorized into four different types: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), cutaneous lupus erythematosus, drug-induced lupus and neonatal lupus.
Understanding the different types of lupus and discovering the specific type of lupus you or your loved one have can help you better understand and manage the disease. This article will share an overview of the four types of lupus.
Overview of The 4 Types of Lupus
There are four different types of lupus but the most common form is called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus affects more women than men and can be diagnosed in children.
The different types of lupus are distinguished based on the part of the body they affect and the cause of the disease. Find below, a further description of the four different types of lupus and lupus symptoms.
1) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Typically when you hear someone talking about lupus, they will be talking about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is the most common type of the autoimmune disorder known as lupus. SLE affects several different parts of the body including the organs, skin, joints and kidneys, sometimes leading to complications like kidney disease, coronary artery disease or tissue damage.
The exact cause of SLE is not known, but it can be related to genetic or environmental factors. One key indicator of SLE is the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the blood, which are commonly used in diagnosis. Symptoms can vary from person to person but may include:
- Fatigue
- Unexplained fever
- Hair loss
- Weight loss
- Mouth sores
- Join pain
- Skin rash, commonly known as a butterfly rash
2) Cutaneous Lupus
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is also sometimes referred to as “lupus of the skin.” This type of lupus specifically affects the skin. It can occur on its own or along with other forms of lupus. There are different types of cutaneous lupus which can be distinguished by the different types of rashes they cause. Rashes from cutaneous lupus are often caused by sun exposure. Common symptoms of cutaneous lupus include:
- Skin rash
- Skin lesions
- Hair loss
- Skin sensitivity
Treatment for cutaneous lupus will depend on the severity of symptoms. It may include the use of topical or oral medications. Lifestyle changes to help with managing this disease include using special skin care products and taking extra sun protection measures.
3) Drug-Induced Lupus
Drug-induced lupus happens when lupus develops as a result of taking certain medications. Medications that commonly cause lupus include:
- Hydralazine (a blood pressure medicine)
- Procainamide (a medication used to treat heart arrhythmias)
- Quinidine (a medication used to treat heart arrhythmias)
Not everyone who takes these drugs will develop lupus but it is important to talk with your provider about risks and side effects before taking any prescription drugs. Treating drug-induced lupus typically involves stopping the medication and the symptoms should resolve within weeks to months. However, some people may develop permanent damage to the body from this condition.
4) Neonatal Lupus
Neonatal lupus can occur when a baby is born to a mother who has lupus and is then diagnosed with lupus. Neonatal lupus is not considered true lupus but instead a complication of lupus in a pregnant woman. Symptoms of neonatal lupus are seen in the newborn baby and can include:
- Skin rash
- Liver problems
- Low blood cell counts
The above symptoms will not require treatment and should resolve on their own. In some cases, neonatal lupus can cause congenital heart block which may require surgical placement of a pacemaker.
The Role of Rheumatologists in Treating Lupus
Rheumatologists are medical experts who specialize in treating autoimmune conditions like lupus. Though there is no cure for lupus, working with a skilled rheumatologist can help you reach a clear lupus diagnosis and determine the best route for treatment. Every case of lupus will differ, so having a clear understanding of the type of lupus you have will be essential in determining the best treatment method.
Working with the right provider will make all the difference in managing a chronic illness like lupus. The providers at the UCF Health Faculty Physician Practice are not only highly skilled but they also use the most up-to-date research to find the best treatment for each patient.
Conclusion
Finding out that you or a loved one has a chronic condition like lupus can be overwhelming. Understanding the different types of lupus can provide clarity on the condition and its symptoms. Each form of lupus varies slightly, with different diagnosis and treatment approaches. By working closely with your provider, you can develop the best treatment plan to manage your symptoms and feel your best.
Sources
https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/glossary/index.html